Controlling diabetes with diet -
Alcohol may cause a slight rise in blood sugar, followed hours later by a decrease in the blood sugar level. As a result, it is important to monitor your blood sugar response to alcohol, especially if you use insulin.
Your provider can help you to determine if any changes in insulin doses are needed. Mixers, such as fruit juice or regular cola, can increase blood glucose levels and increase the number of calories consumed in a day.
Also, calories from alcohol have little nutritional value and may contribute to weight gain or make it harder to lose weight. Your health care provider is the best source of information for questions and concerns related to your medical problem.
This article will be updated as needed on our website www. Related topics for patients, as well as selected articles written for health care professionals, are also available.
Some of the most relevant are listed below. Patient level information — UpToDate offers two types of patient education materials. The Basics — The Basics patient education pieces answer the four or five key questions a patient might have about a given condition.
These articles are best for patients who want a general overview and who prefer short, easy-to-read materials. Patient education: Type 2 diabetes The Basics Patient education: Diabetes and diet The Basics Patient education: Diet and health The Basics Patient education: High-fiber diet The Basics Patient education: Carb counting for adults with diabetes The Basics Patient education: Treatment for type 2 diabetes The Basics Patient education: The ABCs of diabetes The Basics Patient education: Preparing for pregnancy when you have diabetes The Basics Patient education: Lowering your risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes The Basics.
Beyond the Basics — Beyond the Basics patient education pieces are longer, more sophisticated, and more detailed. These articles are best for patients who want in-depth information and are comfortable with some medical jargon.
Patient education: High blood pressure, diet, and weight Beyond the Basics Patient education: High cholesterol and lipids Beyond the Basics Patient education: Type 2 diabetes: Overview Beyond the Basics Patient education: Type 2 diabetes: Insulin treatment Beyond the Basics Patient education: Glucose monitoring in diabetes Beyond the Basics Patient education: Hypoglycemia low blood glucose in people with diabetes Beyond the Basics Patient education: Exercise and medical care for people with type 2 diabetes Beyond the Basics Patient education: Preventing complications from diabetes Beyond the Basics Patient education: Losing weight Beyond the Basics Patient education: Exercise Beyond the Basics Patient education: Chronic kidney disease Beyond the Basics Patient education: High-fiber diet Beyond the Basics Patient education: Low-sodium diet Beyond the Basics.
Professional level information — Professional level articles are designed to keep doctors and other health professionals up-to-date on the latest medical findings. These articles are thorough, long, and complex, and they contain multiple references to the research on which they are based.
Professional level articles are best for people who are comfortable with a lot of medical terminology and who want to read the same materials their doctors are reading. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for treatment of diabetes mellitus Exercise guidance in adults with diabetes mellitus Measurements of chronic glycemia in diabetes mellitus Glycemic control and vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus Initial management of hyperglycemia in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus Insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus Management of persistent hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus Metformin in the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus Nutritional considerations in type 2 diabetes mellitus Overview of general medical care in nonpregnant adults with diabetes mellitus Sulfonylureas and meglitinides in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus Thiazolidinediones in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
org , available in English and Spanish. The following reference books are a good source of information regarding diabetes and diet and carbohydrate counting.
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All Rights Reserved. Author: Linda M Delahanty, MS, RD Section Editor: David M Nathan, MD Deputy Editor: Katya Rubinow, MD. All topics are updated as new evidence becomes available and our peer review process is complete. Literature review current through: Jan This topic last updated: Jan 19, TYPE 2 DIABETES OVERVIEW Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disorder that is known for disrupting the way your body uses glucose sugar ; it also causes other problems with the way your body stores and processes other forms of energy, including fat.
WHY IS DIET IMPORTANT? Making changes to your diet is a key part of managing type 2 diabetes. TYPE 2 DIABETES, DIET, AND WEIGHT If you are overweight or have obesity, losing weight can improve blood sugar control and lower your blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
WHAT SHOULD I EAT? Patient education: Type 2 diabetes The Basics Patient education: Diabetes and diet The Basics Patient education: Diet and health The Basics Patient education: High-fiber diet The Basics Patient education: Carb counting for adults with diabetes The Basics Patient education: Treatment for type 2 diabetes The Basics Patient education: The ABCs of diabetes The Basics Patient education: Preparing for pregnancy when you have diabetes The Basics Patient education: Lowering your risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes The Basics Beyond the Basics — Beyond the Basics patient education pieces are longer, more sophisticated, and more detailed.
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for treatment of diabetes mellitus Exercise guidance in adults with diabetes mellitus Measurements of chronic glycemia in diabetes mellitus Glycemic control and vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus Initial management of hyperglycemia in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus Insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus Management of persistent hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus Metformin in the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus Nutritional considerations in type 2 diabetes mellitus Overview of general medical care in nonpregnant adults with diabetes mellitus Sulfonylureas and meglitinides in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus Thiazolidinediones in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus The following organizations also provide reliable health information.
org , available in English and Spanish The following reference books are a good source of information regarding diabetes and diet and carbohydrate counting. Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report. Diabetes Care ; American Diabetes Association.
Summary of Revisions: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes Diabetes Care ; S4. Facilitating Behavior Change and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes Diabetes Care ; S It does NOT include all information about conditions, treatments, medications, side effects, or risks that may apply to a specific patient.
It is not intended to be medical advice or a substitute for the medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment of a health care provider based on the health care provider's examination and assessment of a patient's specific and unique circumstances.
Patients must speak with a health care provider for complete information about their health, medical questions, and treatment options, including any risks or benefits regarding use of medications.
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GRAPHICS Carbohydrate counting: Getting started. Step 1: Know the goal Eating about the same amount of carbohydrate at meals and snacks each day will help to keep blood glucose levels from getting too high or too low.
Focus on keeping the amount of carbohydrate intake moderate to keep your blood glucose levels from going too high. Remember, it is not healthy to cut out all carbohydrate foods; the body, especially your brain, needs some every day.
Protein is essential for blood sugar management. It helps slow digestion, prevents postmeal blood sugar spikes, and increases feelings of fullness.
Plus, it may help prevent overeating and promote excess body fat loss, two essential effects for healthy blood sugar levels A high intake of fatty fish such as salmon and sardines has been shown to help improve blood sugar regulation. For example, in a small study with 68 participants, adults with overweight or obesity who consumed 26 ounces oz , or grams g , of fatty fish per week had significant improvements in postmeal blood sugar levels compared with those who consumed lean fish Brightly colored and packed with fiber and antioxidants, pumpkin is a great choice for blood sugar regulation.
Pumpkin is a traditional diabetes remedy in many countries, including Mexico and Iran Pumpkin is high in carbs called polysaccharides, which have been studied for their blood sugar-regulating potential.
Treatments with pumpkin extracts and powders have been shown to significantly decrease blood sugar levels in both limited human studies and animal studies 16 , Pumpkin seeds are packed with healthy fats and protein, which make them an excellent choice for blood sugar management 18 , Research has shown that eating nuts may be an effective way to help regulate blood sugar levels.
In a small study of 25 people with type 2 diabetes, consuming both peanuts and almonds throughout the day as part of a low carb diet reduced fasting and postmeal blood sugar levels Also, a review found that consuming various types of tree nuts led to reduced fasting blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes.
However, the authors noted that the results were not clinically significant and that more research is necessary Okra seeds may be beneficial as a natural remedy for diabetes due to their potent blood sugar-lowering properties Rhamnogalacturonan, the main polysaccharide in okra, has been identified as a powerful antidiabetic compound.
Plus, okra contains the flavonoids isoquercitrin and quercetin 3-O-gentiobioside, which help reduce blood sugar by inhibiting certain enzymes 25 , 26 , Although animal studies suggest that okra has potent antidiabetic properties, human research studies are needed.
Flaxseed is rich in fiber and healthy fats and may help reduce blood sugar levels. In an 8-week study of 57 people with type 2 diabetes, those who consumed 7 oz g of 2.
Moreover, a review of 25 controlled studies found that eating whole flaxseed led to significant improvements in blood sugar regulation Beans and lentils are rich in magnesium, fiber, and protein. These nutrients may be able to help lower blood sugar.
For example, a study of 12 women demonstrated that adding black beans or chickpeas to a rice meal significantly reduced postmeal blood sugar levels compared with eating rice alone Many other studies have shown that eating beans and lentils can benefit blood sugar regulation and possibly help protect against the development of diabetes 31 , Fermented foods such as kimchi and sauerkraut contain health-promoting compounds, including probiotics, minerals, and antioxidants.
Research associates these compounds with improved blood sugar and insulin sensitivity 33 , A review concluded that probiotic foods had a notable effect on blood sugar regulation in people with type 2 diabetes.
Researchers noted that these foods had the greatest impact on people whose diabetes was not well managed and those who were not on insulin therapy However, most studies into the effect of fermented foods on blood sugar regulation involve rodent or cellular investigations.
As a result, further controlled human studies are necessary Eating chia seeds may benefit blood sugar regulation. Some studies link chia seed consumption to reductions in blood sugar levels and improvements in insulin sensitivity. A review of 17 animal studies concluded that chia seeds might help improve insulin sensitivity and blood sugar regulation and potentially reduce disease risk, including the risk of diabetes It contains multiple compounds that may help decrease blood sugar levels, including fiber and flavonoid antioxidants.
A study that included 42 Japanese adults demonstrated that consuming either 7 or 14 g of kale-containing foods with a high carb meal significantly decreased postmeal blood sugar levels compared with placebo Research has shown that the flavonoid antioxidants found in kale , including quercetin and kaempferol, have potent blood sugar-lowering and insulin-sensitizing effects Numerous studies link berry intake with improved blood sugar regulation.
Berries contain fiber, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, and all of this makes them an excellent choice for people with blood sugar management issues. A study found that eating 2 cups g of red raspberries with a high carb meal significantly reduced postmeal insulin and blood sugar in adults with prediabetes compared with a control group In addition to raspberries, studies have shown that strawberries, blueberries, and blackberries may benefit blood sugar management by enhancing insulin sensitivity and improving glucose clearance from the blood 43 , 44 , Avocados may offer significant benefits for blood sugar regulation.
Numerous studies have found that avocados may help reduce blood sugar levels and protect against the development of metabolic syndrome through fat loss.
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions, including high blood pressure and high blood sugar, that increases chronic disease risk 46 , 47 , However, remember that many studies investigating the effects of avocado intake on blood sugar levels were funded by the Hass Avocado Board, which could have influenced aspects of the studies 46 , Including oats and oat bran in your diet may help improve your blood sugar levels due to their high soluble fiber content, which has been shown to have significant blood sugar-reducing properties They can also increase appetite and promote weight gain 36 , 37 , Additionally, sleep deprivation raises levels of the hormone cortisol, which, as explained, plays an essential role in blood sugar management 29 , Adequate sleep is about both quantity and quality.
The National Sleep Foundation recommends that adults get at least 7—8 hours of high quality sleep per night To improve the quality of your sleep , try to:. Good sleep helps maintain your blood sugar levels and promotes a healthy weight. On the other hand, poor sleep can disrupt critical metabolic hormones.
High blood sugar levels and diabetes have been linked to micronutrient deficiencies. Some examples include deficiencies in the minerals chromium and magnesium Chromium is involved in carb and fat metabolism. It may potentiate the action of insulin, thus aiding blood sugar regulation 41 , 42 , 43 , Chromium-rich foods include:.
However, the mechanisms behind this proposed connection are not entirely known, and studies report mixed findings. As such, more research is needed 41 , 45 , Magnesium has also been shown to benefit blood sugar levels.
In fact, diets rich in magnesium are associated with a significantly reduced risk of diabetes In contrast, low magnesium levels may lead to insulin resistance and decreased glucose tolerance in people with diabetes 47 , 48 , Eating foods rich in chromium and magnesium can help prevent deficiencies and reduce the risk of blood sugar problems.
However, the overall quality of evidence on these ingredients is low due to insufficient human studies or small sample sizes.
Therefore, no conclusive recommendations can be made regarding their use Some of the foods touted to have anti-diabetes effects include 51 , 52 :. Finally, the Food and Drug Administration FDA does not regulate supplements in the same way that it regulates prescription medications.
Some foods are believed to have blood-sugar-lowering effects. However, research is still inconclusive, and they may negatively interact with your diabetes medication.
If you need help finding a primary care doctor, then check out our FindCare tool here. Maintaining a moderate weight promotes healthy blood sugar levels and reduces your risk of developing diabetes 2 , 26 , 27 , For example, if a person weighs pounds 91 kg and loses just 10—14 pounds 4.
These are used as indicators of your blood sugar levels over the past 3 months 60 , Maintaining a moderate weight will support blood sugar management and decrease your risk of developing diabetes. Spreading your meals and snacks throughout the day may help you avoid both high and low blood sugar levels Snacking between meals may also reduce your risk of type 2 diabetes In fact, several studies suggest that having smaller, more frequent meals throughout the day could improve insulin sensitivity and lower blood sugar levels 62 , In addition, eating smaller meals and healthy snacks throughout the day may lower glycated hemoglobin HbA1c readings, indicating improvements in blood sugar levels over the previous 3 months Snacking between meals could keep your blood sugar levels from spiking or plummeting throughout the day.
Probiotics are friendly bacteria that offer numerous health benefits, including improved blood sugar regulation 65 , 66 , 67 , Research shows that probiotic intake may lower fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin HbA1c , and insulin resistance in people with type 2 diabetes 65 , 66 , 67 , Interestingly, studies have found that improvements in blood sugar levels are more significant in people who consume multiple species of probiotics and for at least 8 weeks 69 , Probiotic-rich foods include fermented foods, such as:.
Insulin is a hormone that balances blood sugar in the body. These are defined as excessive thirst, urination, and appetite, respectively. Many of them include making lifestyle changes, like managing your weight, stress levels, and sleep quality, exercising, and staying hydrated.
That said, some of the biggest improvements have to do with your dietary choices. Be sure to talk with your healthcare professional before making lifestyle changes or trying new supplements— especially if you have problems with blood sugar management or are taking medications.
Read this article in Spanish. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. VIEW ALL HISTORY. Blood sugar spikes are when your blood sugar rises and then crashes after eating. This article explains 12 simple ways to avoid blood sugar spikes.
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The glycemic index GI is a value used to measure how much a specific food increases your blood sugar levels.
Healthy Controllig can help you prevent, control, and Youthful skin tips reverse diabetes. And with these tips, you can still enjoy your food Chamomile Tea for Immunity feeling hungry or deprived. Controllling you're trying to prevent or control Body recomposition meal plan, Controllinb nutritional needs Youthful skin tips virtually the same as everyone else, so no special foods are necessary. But you do need to pay attention to some of your food choices—most notably the carbohydrates you eat. While following a Mediterranean or other heart-healthy diet can help with this, the most important thing you can do is to lose a little weight. Losing weight and eating healthier can also have a profound effect on your mood, energy, and sense of wellbeing.Controlling diabetes with diet -
Check out the Diabetes Plate Method , created by the American Heart Association. Using this method, you can create well-portioned meals with a balance of vegetables, protein, and carbohydrates—without any counting, calculating, weighing, or measuring!
Physical activity lowers your blood sugar levels and blood pressure and can help you burn extra calories to keep your weight down if necessary. The American Diabetes Association has a great article on how someone with Diabetes can safely start an exercise routine.
Want to know how to get more exercise into your day-to-day? Try the stairs instead of the elevator, or park at the far end of a parking lot when you go to a store. For those who are homebound, physical activity can include:.
Although medication may still be important to managing your condition, diet and exercise can help keep your symptoms under control.
Plus, use the meal planner and grocery store list maker to simplify your routine. Sign up today for the monthly Healthy Living eNewsletter to receive seasonal recipes and information about fitness, nutrition, self-care, blood glucose management, and more.
Breadcrumb Home Navigating Nutrition. Eating Right Doesn't Have to Be Boring Eating well with diabetes doesn't mean giving up your favorite foods, it's about finding the balance between keeping the flavors you love and incorporating the nutrients you need to live well with diabetes.
Fast-Food Dining Shopping the Grocery Store. Get the Tips. Meal Planning Understanding Carbs. Find Out More. Learn How. Find Resources. Register for a Class. Get Cooking. Healthy Living Tips in Your Inbox Sign up today for the monthly Healthy Living eNewsletter to receive seasonal recipes and information about fitness, nutrition, self-care, blood glucose management, and more.
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Controlling diabetes with diet Diaabetes offers appointments in Arizona, Diavetes and Body recomposition meal plan and at Mayo Clinic Health System locations. Selenium advanced concepts management takes awareness. Know what makes your blood sugar level rise and fall — and how to control these day-to-day factors. When you have diabetes, it's important to keep your blood sugar levels within the range recommended by your healthcare professional. But many things can make your blood sugar levels change, sometimes quickly.
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