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Side effects include nausea, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, headache, decreased appetite, dyspepsia, fatigue, dizziness, abdominal pain, increased lipase, and renal insufficiency. It is contraindicated in patients with personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia syndrome type 2.
Phentermine is the oldest and most widely used weight loss medication. It was originally used as a short-term medication to jump-start weight loss, but now newer medical guidelines have added it to long-term therapy.
In the US, phentermine is almost exclusively available in the HCl formulation — available in 15 mg and 30 mg strength. Side effects include headache, overstimulation, high blood pressure, insomnia, rapid or irregular heart rate, and tremor.
Interactions may occur during or within 14 days following the use of monoamine oxidase MAO inhibitors, sympathomimetics, alcohol, adrenergic neuron-blocking drugs, and possibly some anesthetic agents.
Topiramate can be combined with phentermine to decrease appetite and cravings. Having the combination of two drugs increases efficacy.
Adults with migraines and obesity are good candidates for this weight-loss medication. Daily doses with four strengths start at 3.
Side effects include abnormal sensations, dizziness, altered taste, insomnia, constipation, and dry mouth. Contraindications include uncontrolled hypertension and coronary artery disease, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, and sensitivity to stimulants. Naltrexone-bupropion combines an opioid receptor antagonist with an antidepressant to affect the pleasure-reward areas of the brain and thereby decrease cravings and appetite.
The most common side effects include nausea, constipation, headache, vomiting, dizziness, insomnia, dry mouth, and diarrhea. This medication should not be prescribed to a patient who has a seizure disorder or who takes opioids for chronic pain.
Setmelanotide is a melanocortin-4 receptor agonist indicated for chronic weight management in adult and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older with obesity due to one of several specific rare genetic disorders.
The condition must be confirmed by genetic testing demonstrating variants in POMC, PCSK1, or LEPR genes that are interpreted as pathogenic, likely pathogenic, or of a variant of uncertain significance VUS.
Orlistat is a lipase inhibitor that comes in a capsule and works by blocking the enzyme that breaks down fats consumed through food. In this way, it inhibits the absorption of dietary fats.
Undigested fat is then passed through the body. It is intended for use in conjunction with a reduced-calorie diet and is also indicated to reduce the risk of weight regain.
Dosage is one mg capsule three times a day with each main meal containing fat during or up to 1 hour after the meal. An over-the-counter formulation is available at 60 mg capsule with each meal containing fat. The most common adverse reactions to orlistat are oily discharge from the rectum, flatus with discharge, increased defecation, and fecal incontinence.
A medical device rather than a medication, Plenity was FDA-cleared in for people with a BMI of 24 to The treatment has experienced increased media attention since the rise of GLP-1 receptor agonists.
It consists of a capsule that releases a biodegradable, super-absorbent hydrogel into the stomach. The gel helps to increase satiety, enabling the person to eat less. With fervent consumer demand for weight loss medications, combined with rising obesity rates, more medications are bound for the market in the coming years.
Lilly is developing orforglipron, an oral GLP-1 inhibitor. Retatrutide, another injectible, targets GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon.
Pfizer is also developing two GLP-1 inhibitors that can be administered as pills. Meanwhile, Amgen is trialing a drug candidate that is both a GLP-1 receptor agonist and a GIP receptor antagonist, as opposed to a dual agonist like semaglutide. Researchers continue to seek hormones that play a role in appetite, such as peptide YY, for other ways to target obesity with medication.
For example, the monoclonal antibody bimagrumab is being studied as an infusion to increase muscle mass while decreasing fat.
With more options available, doctors will be increasingly able to personalize treatments as they match patients to the medications that will work best for them. FDA-approved anti-obesity medications AOMs are safe, evidence-based therapies that target specific physiology to improve the disease and are most effective when they are used as part of a comprehensive treatment plan.
The amount of weight a person loses depends on the medication they take, their overall health, and other individual factors. Even as the range of weight loss medications has expanded, some drugs have been withdrawn based on their lack of efficacy as well as safety concerns.
The amount of weight loss possible with semaglutide, according to clinical studies, is significant. A study of individuals showed 5. A larger study published in the New England Journal of Medicine showed even greater average loss— However, drawbacks of semaglutide include high cost, side effects, and the long-term to indefinite length of treatment.
As with all obesity treatment, a person might experience better results with one medication over another. Each person, in partnership with their doctor, should try to find the right combination of treatments that work best for them.
In , The American Gastroenterological Association released recommendations for weight loss medications among patients with obesity who do not respond adequately to lifestyle interventions alone. They listed four first-line options:. They also recommended phentermine and diethylpropion.
Note that these recommendations were made before the approval of Zepbound. They work primarily by regulating hormones in the brain, digestive system, and adipose tissue to suppress appetite and cravings and promote satiety. Some medications are administered orally and others as subcutaneous injections.
When patients ask about weight-loss pills vs. injections, they tend to refer to the two options for GLP-1 RAs. Data released in May , separately by Novo Nordisk and Pfizer, stated that pills and injections are about equally effective.
There are many medications that can be obesogenic or can cause weight gain. Following medications can potentially cause variable weight gain in some individuals.
All weight loss medications work best in the context of a healthy eating plan and exercise. Even when a patient is engaging in exercise and other lifestyle adjustments, medications can help with hunger, cravings, and metabolic preservation.
Some weight management medications are designed for short-term use and others for long-term use. For example, some are approved by the FDA for up to 12 weeks. What is a tongue-tie? What parents need to know. Which migraine medications are most helpful? How well do you score on brain health? Shining light on night blindness.
Can watching sports be bad for your health? Beyond the usual suspects for healthy resolutions. November 1, By Matthew Solan , Executive Editor, Harvard Men's Health Watch Reviewed by Howard E.
LeWine, MD , Chief Medical Editor, Harvard Health Publishing Some people who struggle with weight loss have been able to find assistance from several FDA-approved weight-loss medications, such as bupropion plus naltrexone Contrave , phentermine Adipex-P , phentermine plus topiramate Qsymia , and orlistat Xenical, Alli.
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Show references Frequently asked questions Alli. Accessed Feb. IBM Micromedex. Orlistat oral. Perreault L. Obesity in adults: Drug therapy. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Interventions for the treatment of overweight and obesity in adults.
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New research shows little risk of cietary from prostate Dieetary. Discrimination at work is Green tea extract for joint support to high blood pressure. Icy fingers and Herbal remedies for health Poor circulation or Raynaud's phenomenon? Some people who struggle with weight loss have been able to find assistance from several FDA-approved weight-loss medications, such as bupropion plus naltrexone Contravephentermine Adipex-Pphentermine plus topiramate Qsymiaand orlistat Xenical, Alli. They're called glucagon-like peptide-1 GLP-1 receptor agonists. We include products we think Green tea extract for joint support dietaru for our Mediterranean vegetable recipes. If you buy through Weight loss dietary pills on this page, we may earn a small commission. Healthline only lsos you brands Weihgt products that we stand behind. Prescription weight loss medications, including GLP-1 agonists, orlistat, and setmelanotide, may be effective for some people. But other lifestyle changes are still necessary for long-term success. When paired with other lifestyle changes and taken under the supervision of a healthcare professional, these drugs may offer an effective way to lower your weight.
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