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Diabetes Self-Management Education

Diabetes self-care techniques -

Getting help and support can help you cope with the stress that can come with self-care. Research from points to the benefits of receiving emotional and psychological help, including improvement in diabetes management in the short term as well as preventing diabetes complications in the long term.

A healthcare team can help you manage T2D through office visits, routine medical testing, lifestyle education, nutritional advice, or counseling.

You have the most power concerning your diabetes management. Learning and using T2D self-care is the best way to stay healthy. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.

Has taking insulin led to weight gain for you? Learn why this happens, plus how you can manage your weight once you've started insulin treatment. When it comes to managing diabetes, adding the right superfoods to your diet is key. Try these simple, delicious recipes for breakfast, lunch, and….

A Quiz for Teens Are You a Workaholic? How Well Do You Sleep? Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Type 2 Diabetes Self-Care: Blood Sugar, Mental Health, Medications, and Meals. Medically reviewed by Kelly Wood, MD — By Jennifer M. Edwards on September 7, Importance of T2D self-care Blood sugar Most common medications Food choices Getting diabetes education Mental health Takeaway The focus in managing type 2 diabetes includes blood sugar monitoring, taking your prescribed medications as needed, and working with a healthcare team on food choices, exercise planning, and mental health.

Why is type 2 diabetes management important? How often should you check your blood sugar with type 2 diabetes? What should your blood sugar levels be? Was this helpful? Most common type 2 diabetes medications. What foods should you eat with type 2 diabetes? Do I need diabetes education?

These drinks can help keep your blood sugar from dropping too low. It's risky for some people with diabetes to drink alcohol. Alcohol can lead to low blood sugar shortly after you drink it and for hours afterward.

The liver usually releases stored sugar to offset falling blood sugar levels. But if your liver is processing alcohol, it may not give your blood sugar the needed boost. Get your healthcare professional's OK to drink alcohol.

With diabetes, drinking too much alcohol sometimes can lead to health conditions such as nerve damage.

But if your diabetes is under control and your healthcare professional agrees, an occasional alcoholic drink is fine. Women should have no more than one drink a day. Men should have no more than two drinks a day. One drink equals a ounce beer, 5 ounces of wine or 1.

Don't drink alcohol on an empty stomach. If you take insulin or other diabetes medicines, eat before you drink alcohol. This helps prevent low blood sugar. Or drink alcohol with a meal. Choose your drinks carefully.

Light beer and dry wines have fewer calories and carbohydrates than do other alcoholic drinks. If you prefer mixed drinks, sugar-free mixers won't raise your blood sugar. Some examples of sugar-free mixers are diet soda, diet tonic, club soda and seltzer. Add up calories from alcohol. If you count calories, include the calories from any alcohol you drink in your daily count.

Ask your healthcare professional or a registered dietitian how to make calories and carbohydrates from alcoholic drinks part of your diet plan. Check your blood sugar level before bed. Alcohol can lower blood sugar levels long after you've had your last drink. So check your blood sugar level before you go to sleep.

The snack can counter a drop in your blood sugar. Changes in hormone levels the week before and during periods can lead to swings in blood sugar levels. Look for patterns.

Keep careful track of your blood sugar readings from month to month. You may be able to predict blood sugar changes related to your menstrual cycle. Your healthcare professional may recommend changes in your meal plan, activity level or diabetes medicines.

These changes can make up for blood sugar swings. Check blood sugar more often. If you're likely nearing menopause or if you're in menopause, talk with your healthcare professional. Ask whether you need to check your blood sugar more often. Also, be aware that menopause and low blood sugar have some symptoms in common, such as sweating and mood changes.

So whenever you can, check your blood sugar before you treat your symptoms. That way you can confirm whether your blood sugar is low. Most types of birth control are safe to use when you have diabetes.

But combination birth control pills may raise blood sugar levels in some people. It's very important to take charge of stress when you have diabetes. The hormones your body makes in response to prolonged stress may cause your blood sugar to rise. It also may be harder to closely follow your usual routine to manage diabetes if you're under a lot of extra pressure.

Take control. Once you know how stress affects your blood sugar level, make healthy changes. Learn relaxation techniques, rank tasks in order of importance and set limits. Whenever you can, stay away from things that cause stress for you.

Exercise often to help relieve stress and lower your blood sugar. Get help. Learn new ways to manage stress. You may find that working with a psychologist or clinical social worker can help.

These professionals can help you notice stressors, solve stressful problems and learn coping skills. The more you know about factors that have an effect on your blood sugar level, the better you can prepare to manage diabetes.

If you have trouble keeping your blood sugar in your target range, ask your diabetes healthcare team for help. There is a problem with information submitted for this request. Sign up for free and stay up to date on research advancements, health tips, current health topics, and expertise on managing health.

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By Mayo Clinic Staff. Thank you for subscribing! Sorry something went wrong with your subscription Please, try again in a couple of minutes Retry. Show references Facilitating behavior change and well-being to improve health outcomes. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes — Diabetes Care.

Nutrition overview. American Diabetes Association. Accessed Dec. Diabetes and mental health. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Insulin, medicines, and other diabetes treatments. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

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Persons who view a slip as the result of difficulty coping effectively with a specific high-risk situation are more likely to want to learn from the mistakes and develop effective ways to handle similar situations in the future.

A helpful approach involves focusing on specific examples and prompting the patient to brainstorm about possible triggers and how to overcome them next time. Commonly cited precipitants include negative emotions, interpersonal conflicts, social pressure, time pressure, and celebrations.

A person who can execute effective coping skills is less likely to relapse Table 4. Describe : I was planning to walk after dinner, but the friend I walk with canceled. My daughter was watching a movie, so I watched with her instead.

Brainstorm : I could listen to a podcast while I walk alone. Or, I could ask my daughter to walk with me now, and we'll watch a movie together afterward. This article updates a previous article on this topic by Koenigsberg, et al. Data Sources : Literature searches were performed using the OVID Med-line Database with key terms prediabetes, prediabetic state, and diabetes mellitus, crossed with lifestyle, diet, exercise, physical activity, weight reduction programs, patient compliance, and adherence.

The search was limited to randomized controlled trials, review articles, or meta-analyses, with studies limited to those in English with human participants. Later searches were done for specific areas such as follow-up publications on major studies Diabetes Prevention Program, Look AHEAD, Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study, Malmo Study, Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study or meta-analyses for relevant areas e.

Also searched were AFP archives, Guideline. gov, Cochrane database, AHRQ. gov, CDC. gov, and Essential Evidence Plus. Search dates: November , January to March , October to December , and April Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

National diabetes statistics report, Accessed March 21, National data. Updated April American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes— Diabetes Care.

Updated December Accessed November 8, Pippitt K, Li M, Gurgle HE. Diabetes mellitus: screening and diagnosis. Am Fam Physician. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Long-term effects of lifestyle intervention or metformin on diabetes development and micro-vascular complications over year follow-up: the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.

Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. National Diabetes Prevention Program. Prevent T2 curricula and handouts. Accessed April 17, Knowler WC, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, et al. Li G, Zhang P, Wang J, et al. The long-term effect of lifestyle interventions to prevent diabetes in the China Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study: a year follow-up study.

Lindström J, Ilanne-Parikka P, Peltonen M, et al. Sustained reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes by lifestyle intervention: follow-up of the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. Look AHEAD Research Group.

Eight-year weight losses with an intensive lifestyle intervention: the look AHEAD study. Obesity Silver Spring. Gregg EW, Chen H, Wagenknecht LE, et al.

Association of an intensive lifestyle intervention with remission of type 2 diabetes. Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Fernhall B, et al.

Exercise and type 2 diabetes: the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association: joint position statement executive summary. Lifestyle intervention materials. Diabetes Prevention Program DPP Research Group.

The Diabetes Prevention Program DPP : description of lifestyle intervention. Garber AJ, Abrahamson MJ, Barzilay JI, et al.

Consensus statement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology on the comprehensive type 2 diabetes management algorithm— executive summary. Endocr Pract. Preventive Services Task Force. Final recommendation statement: healthful diet and physical activity for cardiovascular disease prevention in adults with cardiovascular risk factors: behavioral counseling.

August Accessed November 7, Mason P, Butler CC. Health Behavior Change: A Guide For Practitioners. Edinburgh, United Kingdom: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; Prochaska JO, Norcross JC.

Systems Of Psychotherapy: A Transtheoretical Analysis. Stamford, Conn. Keller VF, White MK. Choices and changes: a new model for influencing patient health behavior. J Clin Outcomes Manage.

Wadden TA, West DS, Delahanty L, et al. The Look AHEAD study: a description of the lifestyle intervention and the evidence supporting it [published correction appears in Obesity Silver Spring. Doran GT. There's a S. way to write management's goals and objectives. Manage Rev. Wadden TA, Webb VL, Moran CH, Bailer BA.

Lifestyle modification for obesity: new developments in diet, physical activity, and behavior therapy. Dutton GR, Lewis CE.

The Look AHEAD Trial: implications for lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. Siopis G, Chey T, Allman-Farinelli M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions for weight management using text messaging. J Hum Nutr Diet. Connelly J, Kirk A, Masthoff J, MacRury S.

The use of technology to promote physical activity in type 2 diabetes management: a systematic review. Diabet Med. Bai Y, Welk GJ, Nam YH, et al. Comparison of consumer and research monitors under semistructured settings.

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